Forensic Lawyers In India

Responsibilities of Forensic Lawyer:

A forensic lawyer is not only an expert at law, but is also an expert in forensic science. His forensic training and background in chemistry and other sciences enable him to analyze physical evidence obtained from crime scenes,individuals, files and office equipment which he uses to enhance the legal process.

Forensic lawyers must be competent in two fields together. First of all he must be an expert in the field of law. Other than this, he must also be an expert in the filed of forensic science. This is a very serious profession and you need to deal with the matters very seriously. The person interested in forensic law must have a background in science.

We provide Forensic Training/Services to lawyers to overcome difficulty set in investigative cases. Please take some time to know about us:

WHO ARE WE?

IFO is registered forensic and investigative Company, it is a panel of experts from various fields of forensic science. IFO delivers its full services in any legal matter ranging from Fraud detection to Crime scene investigation, from detectives to lawyers and from expert opinion to expert witness. We deliver expert opinion and other investigative services with quality, efficiency and confidentiality.

Why use IFO Services?

  We treat all enquirers in the strictest confidence. All advice and quotes are FREE. We will listen to your situation and will advise you on: how we can help you. how many agents the case will require. when the work will be completed. when and how you will receive the evidence. the overall cost. We can reveal the truth that will allow you to make an informed decision. Full attention given to our clients at all times. Investigators with police backgrounds. Total discretion - keeping our clients privacy at all times. Very wide range of services. Helpful advice given on the best options. Investigations in entire India. Professional and reliable results.

 

Contact:09819288253/09871410821

 Website: www.ifsr.in

              www.forensicexpertmumbai.com

** IFO Wishes all our members a very Happy New Year! :)

FROM ,

THE IFO TEAM, MUMBAI :)

FORENSIC MAGAZINE 24x7- INDIA

“Welcome to India’s very own forensic magazine- Forensic Magazine 24×7.

 

The magazine is the outcome taking into consideration the current status of forensic in India. The magazine requires support from forensic students, forensic experts and all those interested in forensic to keep oneself updated with the latest of forensic in India and around the globe.( Indian Forensic Organization).”

 

We are looking for Advertisers/Sponsers for the Magazine…

If you are an Educational Institute/Forensic Course Provider/Forensic Instrument Supplier/Distributor. Contact us at 4n6mag@gmail.com. We then will supply you with Our Sponsorship -Proposal Brochure!

COVER DESIGNING CONTEST The Cover-page tells a lot about a magazine.. and we often judge the book by its cOvEr….What do you think should be the Cover-page?? Have Any Ideas for the Cover-page??

Prize for the Best Suggestion/Idea/Photographs for the Forensic Magazine 24×7 Coverpage!! Hurry! Send in your entries today

Mail us at: 4n6mag@gmail.com

 

Advertising

Forensic Magazine24x7 reaches physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, accountants, law enforcement and security professionals, engineers, nurses, dentists, toxicologists, investigators, security professionals, and all other specialties associated with the forensic field.
We hope to help you in your advertising plans to make the most effective use of our wide variety of options including:

• Print magazine
• Digital Edition
• Website Advertising

Thank you for your ongoing support of The Forensic Magazine24x7I encourage you to contact me directly with any questions or suggestions you may have about the publication and how we can better meet your specific needs.

 

Contact the Editor at 4n6gmail.com for more information.

What Does a Forensic Nurse Do?? - India

Forensic nursing bridges the gap between health care and law enforcement. It’s the application of the science and art of nursing to criminal and civil investigations and legal matters. 

 Forensic nursing is different from other types of nursing education because students acquire the in-depth knowledge and skill that interfaces nursing with the law, law enforcement, forensic science, mental health and the health care and judicial systems. In addition to learning basic theory and concepts, students are introduced to the real-world aspects of forensic nursing and interacting with the law enforcement and legal systems.

Development of forensic nursing in India- step by step  :

What is the work environment like for forensic nursing careers?
As far as patients go, forensic nurses can work with victims of rape, sexual assault, domestic violence, pediatric trauma, as well as victims of other violent or traumatic events.

Forensic nurses often work with hospitals, prisons and law enforcement to collect and document evidence, and act as aids in a crime scene investigation. They can also provide expert testimony in court helping the police to catch and convict criminals.

Why would someone want to work in forensic nursing?
Many students in forensic nursing work full time as emergency room, critical care and/or intensive care nurses. They’re already working with victims and want to be able to assist them in a legal way.

What are some of the challenges of a forensic nursing careers?
One of the challenges of forensic nursing is to stay focused and calm in a fast-paced, chaotic and often upsetting environment. Forensic nurses need to be able to comfort victims while gathering evidence.

 

Some Important Links:

International Association of Forensic Nurses

Forensic Nursing

Forensic Nursing Careers

Forensic Serology. Description, Education, Case Study

The job of the serologist begins at the crime scene.A forensic serologist extracts DNA evidence from bodily fluids connected with a crime, including blood, semen and saliva. This identifies victims and possible suspects and can be the cornerstone of a criminal conviction. 

Tests are also done to determine the blood type and Rh factor, and to figure out which antigens and antibodies are present. These new techniques help to determine whether the blood belongs to any particular suspect.Forensic serology can also be used on other bodily fluids as well. By testing the fluids it is possible to determine that a suspect is definitely not the culprit in the crime, and to give an idea of what type of person might have committed the crime.

  Despite how well the crime scene may get cleaned up, even the finest trace of blood can often be detected and further tested.  It is often the case that while the perpetrator may scrub down the obvious places, he can still miss between floorboards, under pipes, and inside drains.  Merely by pouring water on some tiles at a murder scene and pulling them up wherever the water flowed beneath them, one detective found the only existing trace of the crime--blood.

TOXICOLOGY AND SEROLOGY:

Forensic serology also looks at toxicology factors for evidence of poisoning. It is also used to determine if wildlife has been poisoned.

Presumptive tests:

The Kastle-Meyer Color Test uses a solution of phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide on a piece of filter paper, and when blood of any quantity is present, it turns pink.  However, it also turns pink in the presence of potatoes or horseradish, so care must be taken at the scene.

Sometimes microcrystalline tests are also performed.  The two most often used are the Takayama and Teichmann tests.  Both add specific chemicals to the blood to make it form crystals with hemoglobin derivatives.  These tests are also sensitive to other materials that may be present in a bloodstain.

 Education

• People with a bachelor's or graduate degree in forensic serology or a related field have learned to apply biological science to criminology, including the areas of genetics and DNA analysis, molecular biology, pathology, and metabolic biochemistry. Most forensic serologists work for law enforcement agencies and crime laboratories.
  
  

  OJ Simpson & Forensic Serology

   On the night of June 12, 1994 neighbours were woken by a dog barking. The barking led them to the scene of a bloody crime. Laying in a pool of blood was a woman named Nicole. Near Nicole was her friend. When police arrived and took a closer look, they found that the attack had left Nicole nearly decapitated.
   There were many pieces of evidence at the crime scene. Not only was there a blood pool, but there was also a hat and a bloodstained left-handed glove.
   After the police made their report, they set off "wake-up calls" to the homicide detectives. The police and homicide detectives met at the scene of the crime and then drove to Simpson's house. While "buzzing" the intercom a detective noticed blood on Simpson's car. Then they saw blood drips going from the car to the front door of his house. More evidence, which was recovered from Simpson's house/bedroom, consisted of a sock belonging to the victim, Nicole, who was Simpson's ex wife. Another piece of evidence was a right-handed glove, retrieved from Simpson's car. It too had blood on it.
   Forensic Serology was applied in this case when it came to all of the blood evidence. The blood from the sock was tested and showed that the blood belonged to Nicole. Blood from the right-handed glove was from Simpson and both the victims. The blood trail leading from Nicole's home, to Simpson's car, and then to Simpson's house, in itself, almost proved his guilt. But Simpson's legal team was one of the best and, this ending up being a nine-month long trial, Simpson was later cleared of the murder.  
  

  ( SOURCE: Forensic Serology  Written In Blood...)

FOOTWEAR EVIDENCE IN FORENSICS

Footwear track evidence can be very instrumental to the successful conclusion of a criminal investigation.Detailed examination of footwear impressions can help to link a specific piece of footwear to a footwear imprint as each shoe will have unique wear characteristics.

Photographing Footwear Evidence

Written by Dwane Hilderbrand

Taking quality examination photographs

When making quality examination photographs of the evidence prints, be sure to use the same numbered marker you used when you were showing the relationship of the print to the scene. In order for a footwear examiner to perform a quality examination, high-quality, close-up photographs are required. Since footwear evidence can come in two different forms—prints and impres-sions—the techniques of photography are slightly different. This can be easily obtained with a little time and patience. There are many types of cameras that are being used for crime-scene photo-graphy, ranging from 35 mm and 4 x 5 film cameras to digital cameras.

 Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence: Recovery and Forensic Examination (Practical Aspects of Criminal & Forensic Investigations) 

After the selection of the camera and the film or digital media, you will need to select an appropriate scale that will be present in all the photographs. This is very critical in order to allow for enlargement from the negative or image to make an exact duplicate of size (1:1). When no scale is utilized in the photograph, the examiner has no idea what the size of the real impression is. It then becomes difficult for the forensic photographer to print 1:1 scale photographs for examination purposes.

Types of footwear evidence

Footwear evidence can come in at least 3 forms, footwear outsole impression evidence, footwear insole impressions and footwear trace evidence.

Footwear outsole impression

Footwear outsole impressions are impressions left on an object that was caused by contact with a piece of footwear. These can left on the ground or raised surface by persons treading over it, left on doors or walls by persons attempting to kick or climb over a wall or even left on other persons after being kicked or stomped on.

Latent footwear outsole impressions:

Latent impressions are caused impressions that are not easily visible to naked eye. Such prints can be on many different surfaces such as floor tiles, concrete or even carpet. Latent impression may not be easily visible to the naked eye and its detection may require the use of additional specialized light sources such as portable UV lighting. Recovery typically includes photography as well as lifting with “gel” or “electrostatic” dust lifters.

Footwear Insole imprints

Footwear insole imprints are imprints left in the inside of footwear caused by contact from the person’s foot. Analysis of the insole imprints can be used to link a person(s) to a piece of footwear.

Footwear trace evidence

Footwear trace evidence is trace evidence that is recovered from footwear. Types of trace evidence that could be recovered include skin, glass fragments, body hair, fibres from clothing or carpets, soil particles, dust and bodily fluids. 

The study of this trace evidence could be used to link a piece of footwear to a location or owner.

Detection of footwear evidence

Detection of impression in ambient lighting

Detection with forensic light sources

Detection with electrostatic lifting devices

Detection with chemical enhancement

COURSES IN FOOTWEAR EVIDENCE:

Bournemouth University: 3D Laser Scanning & Forensic Footwear Evidence

FEW LINKS:

Footwear Impression Evidence: Detection, Recovery and Examination, SECOND EDITION (Practical Aspects of Criminal & Forensic Investigations) 

Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence: Recovery and Forensic Examination (Practical Aspects of Criminal & Forensic Investigations)Search Amazon.com for Footwear track evidence

Forensic Saliva Analysis

Body fluids, whether excreted or secreted, help our forensic experts compile detailed reports on sexual assaults, death, and the identification of attackers among other things.A forensic investigation can involve the analysis of body fluids, including saliva, for evidence of toxins and both prescription and illicit drugs.Saliva can be of forensic significance because traces of drugs that are circulating in the body can be present in saliva. The composition of the saliva accurately mirrors the proteins that are present in both the blood and the urine. Thus, testing of saliva, which is easier and less obtrusive than obtaining a blood or urine sample, can be used to reveal the presence of prescription and illicit drugs.

Saliva is presented as an alternative matrix in the establishment of drug abuse. The ultimate salivary concentration is determined by the route of administration, the salivary pH, the degree of plasma protein binding,and the physico-chemical properties of the abused drug. Since the saliva/plasma ratio can exceed 1, saliva might be a better analytical tool than blood during roadside testing of potentially intoxicated drivers

Virkler and Lednev add that Raman spectroscopy has great potential as just such a non-destructive tool. In 2008, the team reported that it could be used to identify bodily fluids at a crime scene but those experiments were carried out with just a single sample of each type of fluid. Now, the team has extended the work significantly to investigate the potential for spectroscopic differences among different “donors” of the same fluid.

The researchers have used near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy to obtain spectra for pure dried human saliva samples from several donors in a controlled laboratory environment. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) on the spectra they demonstrated that dry saliva is a particularly heterogeneous substance. However, the Raman spectra can be described as being a linear combination of a fluorescent background and three spectroscopic components.

Forensic Preliminary Testing for Saliva (amylase)

Phadebas tablet method

1. Place 50 ul of each described dilution from above into a

test tube.

2. Add 1.0 ml of water, and ¼ Phadebas tablet (cut with scalpel

or razor blade CAREFULLY). Add the ¼ tablet using

forceps, NOT fingers to handle/cut the tablet.

3. Vortex to mix thoroughly.

4. Incubate at 37C for 30 minutes.

5. Add .25 ml of 0.5 M Sodium Hydroxide to each tube to stop

the reaction.

6. Centrifuge for 5 minutes.

7. A transparent dark blue supernatant

LATEST!!- New Forensics Tool Can Determine a Person’s Age from a Spit Sample

Researchers at UCLA have figured out how to determine age to within five years from nothing more than a saliva sample. The method relies on a process called methylation, which is a chemical change to one of the four building blocks of a person’s DNA. Methylation changes as our bodies grow older, contributing to age related diseases. In extracting DNA from saliva samples from more than 100 test subjects, the team found that it could zero in on a person’s age within five years by looking at just two of the 3 billion blocks that make up the human genome–such is the strong correlation between methylation and age.

References:

1. Enotes

2. Sourcebook in forensic serology, immunology, and biochemistry

3. Scientific Protocols for Forensic Examination of Clothing (Protocols in Forensic Science)

4. Forensic Biology: Identification and DNA Analysis of Biological Evidence